Arthritis is an underrecognized condition in cats characterized by joint inflammation and degeneration. Studies show arthritis can begin in our feline friends as early as age 6, and up to 90% of cats are affected by age 14. The Central Houston Animal Hospital team wants cat owners to learn how arthritis can affect their feline friends and how we can help identify and treat this disabling disorder. 

Understanding feline arthritis

Feline arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, primarily affects cats’ shoulders, elbows, spine, hips, and ankles, but can also occur in other joints. The joint cartilage first begins wearing down, and inflammation causes tissue damage that perpetuates cartilage breakdown. Bones move abnormally or rub on each other, thicken, and form spurs. Arthritis is a progressive and painful condition that can significantly impact a cat’s quality of life. While aging is a common factor in arthritis development, previous joint injury, obesity, and genetics can also play a role.

Recognizing feline arthritis signs

Arthritis in cats can be difficult to recognize, because a cat’s signs are often subtle and differ from those in dogs. Also, many cat arthritis signs are behavioral and can be confused with other diseases or conditions. However, early detection is vital to increase treatment success.  

Possible arthritis signs in cats include:

  • Reluctance to jump
  • Difficulty climbing stairs
  • Reduced grooming
  • Irritability or aggression
  • Muscle loss
  • Stiffness
  • Limping

Feline arthritis diagnosis

Routine orthopedic examinations during annual wellness visits can help detect early arthritic changes, such as reduced range of motion or subtle joint grinding on palpation (i.e., crepitus). Although arthritis can be diagnosed based on history and exam findings alone, our team may order additional tests, including X-rays, blood work, or joint fluid examination. In some cases, arthritis is diagnosed when cats undergo chest or abdominal X-rays for another reason.

Feline arthritis treatment

Since feline arthritis has been historically underrecognized, only a few treatments have been available to help affected cats. Now, research shows the disease’s true prevalence and many more options are available to relieve a cat’s pain. Arthritis treatment goals are to reduce pain, restore muscle strength, and improve overall mobility, so cats can keep jumping and climbing well into old age.

Treatment options may include:

  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (short-term use)
  • Oral pain medication
  • Injectable pain-targeted monoclonal antibodies
  • Injectable cartilage protectants
  • Joint supplements
  • Weight management
  • Light exercise
  • Rehabilitation
  • Alternative therapies
  • Activity modification

Rehabilitation options for arthritic cats

Many arthritic cats are older and have other health conditions that can affect the safety of arthritis medications. Rehabilitation and alternative therapies are treatment methods with few side effects and can be used as standalone therapy or as part of a multimodal treatment plan. 

A cat’s temperament and personality determine the best alternative therapies. Helpful options provided by our clinic’s dedicated rehabilitation department include:

  • Acupuncture
  • Chiropractic
  • Hydrotherapy
  • Therapeutic exercise
  • Cold laser
  • Extracorporeal shockwave therapy
  • Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy

Supporting an arthritic cat

Environmental modifications can make an arthritic cat’s life easier. Because affected cats may have difficulty moving, jumping, or using stairs as they once did, consider the following changes:

  • Ensure food, water, and litter box stations are placed on each house level.
  • Add ramps or stairs to reach favorite resting spots.
  • Provide soft, supportive bedding throughout the house.
  • Cut down the side of each litter box to create a low entry and exit.
  • Encourage daily movement through play or food puzzles.
  • Follow the prescribed arthritis treatment plan.
  • Schedule routine veterinary wellness visits.

The rehab team at Central Houston Animal Hospital is dedicated to helping arthritic cats and other pets with painful conditions regain their quality of life. Contact us to learn more about arthritis in cats, or schedule a visit to determine the best treatment options for your feline friend.